“Abandoning diplomacy for confrontation.....is a dive over a cliff,” - Antonio Guterres, UN Chief

Peacekeeping can be defined as external intervention using military personnel in a conflict between two or more groups usually to stop each side from using violence against the other. These conflicts can be between states or within states. Peacekeeping also includes police officers and civilians with expertise in various fields like conflict resolution, justice and economics.   This paper takes a look at how different international institutions go about peace keeping operations with the key one being the United Nations and how it has worked with regional organizations in line with the United Nations (UN) Charter captured under Chapter VIII. Such dual-arrangements are what is called hybrid peacekeeping. It is where international actors partner with local actors to develop their capacity of conflict prevention and resolution. This ensures more ownership and inclusivity especially at the national and regional level. However, there must be political will for hybrid peacekeeping to be succe

  ABSTRACT This paper aims to discuss how different cultures both individualistic and collectivist, handle conflicts. There is no question that when it comes to studies on culture, Africa has generally been ignored. Despite the fact that Africans are grouped under collectivist cultures, their way of handling conflict may not necessarily be similar to how for instance Asians do it. Therefore, this paper aims to encourage a discussion on how conflicts were and are managed in the African context after looking at all the generalities.   HOW DIFFERENT CULTURES PERCEIVE AND MANAGE CONFLICT Every society has a culture and every society has a conflict to deal with. It is said that to err is human and since human beings do make mistakes that end up in disagreements or conflicts, there has to be a way to resolution. This paper will look at how different cultures perceive and go about resolving such conflicts. There is no doubt that culture shapes our perceptions and determines what we view